List of terms in food composition work |
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| | Updated 2020-01-22 |
There is not complete consensus concerning the terminology to be
used in food composition. This may partly be due to the very long
traditions food composition work has in some parts of the world, and
partly due to fact that it really does not matter.
It is not the intention here to create a larger dictionary of
encyclopedia. It is only just to point out some differences in
terminology used by different authorities, because there are some
basic terms in food composition work that from time to time may
cause confusion or misunderstanding.
An example is the different terminology used (maybe by tradition) in
USA/Europe compared with the terminology used by Greenfield &
Southgate (FAO 2003) when it comes to the data compilation process.
This is illustrated in the following table where each row signifies
a certain step or entity in the data compilation process:
Some of these differences may not do much harm, but they may
cause misunderstandings. Especially the term Reference
meaning two completely different things in the the two systems will
evidently cause misunderstandings.
Therefore, there is a need for a list of terms used in food
composition work with an explanation of the terms. The list of terms
will be collected from many different sources.
The list of terms or the Terminology Database is formed by entries
from multiple authoritative sources in food composition,
sampling and analytical methodology (see also reference
list at the bottom of this page).
The database contains the terms, their definitions
and a reference to the origin of term and definition. In
cases where two or more references give different or
contradicting definitions for the same term, this will
be indicated in the definition with reference to the
other source(s) of definitions.
An entry in the terminology database will typically
take the following form:
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Term: |
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Laboratory sample |
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Definition: |
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The sample or
subsample(s) sent to or received by the
laboratory. When the laboratory sample is
further prepared (reduced) by subdividing,
mixing, grinding or by combinations of these
operations, the result is the
test sample. When no preparation of the
laboratory sample is required, the laboratory
sample is the
test sample. A
test portion is removed from the
test sample for the performance of the test
or for analysis. The laboratory sample is the
final sample from the point of view of sample
collection but it is the initial sample from
the point of view of the laboratory. Several
laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to
different laboratories or to the same laboratory
for different purposes. When sent to the same
laboratory, the set is generally considered as a
single laboratory sample and is documented as a
single sample. |
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Reference: |
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IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology,
Electronic version
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- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC):
Recommendations on Organic & Biochemical Nomenclature, Symbols & Terminology etc.
IUPAC Nomenclature Home Page
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- International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC):
Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature - Definitive Rules 1997
- ISO 6206:1979:
Chemical products for industrial use -- Sampling -- Vocabulary
- OECD - Glossary of Statistical terms
- W. Horwitz:
Nomenclature for Sampling in Analytical Chemistry (Recommendations 1990).
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 1193-1208, 1990
- P. de Zorzi et al.:
Terminology in Soil Sampling (IUPAC Recommendations 2005).
Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 827–841, 2005
- Currie L.A. and Svehla, G.:
Nomenclature for the Presentation of Results of Chemical Analysis. (IUPAC Recommendations 1994).
Pure & Appl. Chem. 66, 595-608, 1994.
- H. Greenfield & DAT Southgate:
Food Composition Data: Production, Management and Use, 2nd Edition.
FAO Rome, 2003
- Codex Alimentarius Commission, CX 4/50.2 CL 1997/5-MAS, March 1997:
Report of the 21st Session of the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling, 10-14 March 1997
Specifically Appendix III: Analytical Terminology for CODEX Use
- Codex Alimentarius Commission, ALINORM 07/30/23:
Report of the 28th Session of the Codex Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling
Appendix V: Proposed Draft Guidelines on Analytical Terminology, pp. 50.
- Codex Alimentarius Commission, CAC/GL 72-2009:
Guidelines on Analytical Terminology
- European Commission: COMMISSION DECISION of 12 August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results (2002/657/EC)
- European Commission: COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 333/2007 of 28 March 2007 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, inorganic tin, 3-MCPD and benzo(a)pyrene in foodstuffs
- Springer Link: Glossary of Analytical Terms
- V J Barwick and E Prichard (Eds), Eurachem Guide:
Terminology in Analytical Measurement - Introduction to VIM 3 (2011
).
ISBN 978-0-948926-29-7. Available from
www.eurachem.org
List to be continued.
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