Estimating Component Values - Pork |
|
| | Updated 2020-07-19 |
| USDA regression analysis of new pork data |
It has always been a challenge to have enough nutrient values to make
the nutrient composition profile of a certain food complete. For meat
and meat products, in this case pork, this is no exception. Pork exists
in a large number of different cuts and quality grades, and this makes
the life of a food composition compiler difficult.
In the preface of Agriculture Handbook No. 8-10: Pork Products -
Raw - Procced - Prepared, Anderson et al (1992) wrote:
"Data are limited for certain nutrients in pork products for a
number of cuts for which presenting values is desirable. For fresh raw
pork items and unheated cured items, such values are calculated based on
known content of the nutrient in the lipid (fatty acids); total solids
(vitamin A and cholesterol); moisture-free, fat-free solids (minerals);
or moisture-free, fat-free, ash-free solids (water-soluble vitamins) of
a similar for of the foods".
These sentenses are interesting as they indicate some methods of
estimatiting component values from other component values.
Due to the need for new data on pork products, USDA Nutrient Data
Laboratory, in collaboration with scientists at selected
universities and the National Pork Board, has conducted studies to
determine the nutrient composition, both raw and cooked, of nine (9)
fresh pork cuts (shoulder blade steak, tenderloin roast, top loin
chop, top loin roast, sirloin roast, loin chop, rib chop, country
style ribs, and spare ribs) and fresh ground pork at various fat
levels.
The USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference (SR) has
been updated in 2007 and in 2009 with these new data.
Williams et al (2009) describe the
collaborative study conducted to determine the mathematical
relationship between individual nutrients and fat content of raw
ground pork using mixed model regression analysis.
The data have been published in tables that provide nutrient profiles for
raw ground pork from 4-28% fat, in increments of 1% fat, as determined
by regression equations.
Using reverse engineering on these raw ground pork data, it is possible
to deduct the regression equations. The results are listed below.
| Regression equations based on total lipids content for ground pork |
The USDA equations are based on the content of total lipids in ground pork. Based on
the data listed by Williams et al (2009), the following regression
equations can be deducted:
| |
Component |
Unit |
|
|
Regression equation |
|
| |
Moisture |
[g/100 g] |
= |
|
76.6 - 0.7461 [g moisture/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Cholesterol |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
56.35 + 0.7052 [mg cholesterol/g total lipids] *
total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Protein |
[g/100 g] |
= |
|
22.13 - 0.2593 [g protein/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Ash |
[g/100 g] |
= |
|
1.124 - 0.0133 [g ash/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
|
| |
Thiamin |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
0.4413 - 0.006817 [mg thiamin/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Riboflavin |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
0.3773 - 0.00244 [mg riboflavin/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Niacin |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
8.413 - 0.1248 [mg niacin/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Pantothenic acid |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
0.6482 - 0.0006057 [mg pantothenic acid/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Vitamin B6 |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
0.7063 - 0.009685 [mg vitamin B6/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Vitamin B12 |
[ug/100 g] |
= |
|
0.6089 + 0.007516 u[g vitamin B12/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
|
| |
Sodium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
66.93 + 0.06976 [mg sodium/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Potassium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
331.6 - 5.47 [mg potassium/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Calcium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
15.28 + 0.01116 [mg calcium/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Magnesium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
20.1 - 0.2615 [mg magnesium/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Phosphorous |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
199.6 - 2.401 [mg phosphorous/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Iron |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
0.8504 + 0.001814 [mg iron/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Zinc |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
1.934 - 0.001706 [mg zinc/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| |
Selenium |
[ug/100 g] |
= |
|
36.26 - 0.3815 [ug selenium/g total lipids] * total lipids [g/100 g] |
| Regression equations based on moisture content for ground pork |
As the moísture content and total lipd content has a linear
relationship, the regression equations in the following are based on the
moisture content, the easiest component to determine:
| |
Component |
Unit |
|
|
Regression equation |
|
| |
Total lipids |
[g/100 g] |
= |
|
102.7 - 1.34 [g total lipid/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Cholesterol |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
128.8 - 0.9452 [mg cholesterol/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Protein |
[g/100 g] |
= |
- |
4.488 + 0.3475 [g protein/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Ash |
[g/100 g] |
= |
- |
0.2413 + 0.01782 [g ash/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
|
| |
Thiamin |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
- |
0.2586 + 0.009137 [mg thiamin/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Riboflavin |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
0.1268 + 0.00327 [mg riboflavin/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Niacin |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
- |
4.4 + 0.1673 [mg niacin/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Pantothenic acid |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
0.586 - 0.0008119 [mg pantothenic acid/g
moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Vitamin B6 |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
- |
0.2881 + 0.01298 [mg vitamin B6/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Vitamin B12 |
[ug/100 g] |
= |
|
1.381 - 0.01007 [ug vitamin B12/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
|
| |
Sodium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
74.1 - 0.0935 [mg sodium/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Potassium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
- |
230 + 7.331 [mg potassium/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Calcium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
16.43 - 0.01496 [mg calcium/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Magnesium |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
6.746 - 0.3505 [mg magnesium/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Phosphorous |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
- |
46.9 + 3.218 [mg phosphorous/g moisture] *
moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Iron |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
1.037 - 0.002431 [mg iron/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Zinc |
[mg/100 g] |
= |
|
1.759 + 0.002287 [mg zinc/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
| |
Selenium |
[ug/100 g] |
= |
- |
2.909 + 0.5114 [ug selenium/g moisture] * moisture [g/100 g] |
Patterson et al (2009) describe the study to determine the nutrient
composition of nine (9) fresh pork cuts. Data for the nine cuts are also
published, and based on the data, it is possible to establish the
regression equations for each component in raw pork cuts.
| Regression equations based on total lipids content |
| Regression equations based on moisture content |
- Anderson B, Dickey L. E., Hoke I. M. (1992):
Composition of Foods: Pork Products - Raw - Processed -
Prepared.
Agriculture Handbook Number 8-10.
Human Nutrition Information Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, revised December 1992.
- Williams J., Patterson K., Howe J., Snyder C., Boillot K.,
Lofgren P., Thompson L., Luna A., Nalawade A., Douglass L., Holden
J. (2009):
Nutrient Composition in Ground Pork using Regression Techniques.
Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), June 6-10, 2009, Anaheim, California.
- Patterson K. Y., Trainer D., Holden J. M., Howe J. C., Buege
D. R., Williams J. R., Snyder C., Boillot K, Lofgren P.,
Thompson L., Luna A., Doughlas L. W. (2009):
USDA Nutrient Data Set for Fresh Pork (from SR), Release 2.0.
Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL), Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, October 2009.
Compilers' Toolbox™
